Hippocrates (c. 460–c. 370 BCE) was an ancient Greek physician and considered the father of Western medicine. He was born on the island of Kos and left behind a vast body of medical writings known as the Hippocratic Corpus. The corpus contains numerous medical observations, diaries, case studies, and ethical treatises. Hippocrates believed in the idea of naturalistic explanations for illnesses and considered the entire human being, not just the specific ailment. He developed the concept of the four humors, which were the foundation of ancient Greek and Roman medicine. Each humor was associated with one of the four basic elements: blood (air), phlegm (water), yellow bile (fire), and black bile (earth), and if they were in balance, individuals would be healthy. Hippocrates also wrote about the importance of diet, exercise, and fresh air to promote good health. His name has become synonymous with the oath taken by physicians, the Hippocratic Oath, which outlines ethical standards for medical professionals.
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